Oaxaca de Juárez, the capital city of Oaxaca state, was founded in 1529 by the Spanish on the site of a former Aztec military outpost overlooking the valley of Oaxaca.

The city’s historical center, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, showcases well-preserved colonial architecture reflecting a blend of European and indigenous influences.

Geographically, Oaxaca de Juárez is situated in a valley surrounded by the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca mountains, contributing to its moderate climate and diverse ecosystems.

The city's population, estimated at over 300,000, is a diverse mix of indigenous peoples, mestizos, and descendants of European settlers.

Oaxaca's economy is largely driven by tourism, agriculture (especially coffee, mezcal, and fruits), and handicrafts, including textiles, ceramics, and wood carvings.

The Guelaguetza, a vibrant indigenous festival held annually in July, is a major cultural event showcasing dances, music, and traditions from different regions of Oaxaca.

Monte Albán, an ancient Zapotec city located just outside Oaxaca, is another UNESCO World Heritage Site and a significant archaeological landmark, demonstrating the region's pre-Hispanic heritage.

Oaxaca's mezcal industry, producing a distilled alcoholic beverage from agave, has experienced significant growth, with many distilleries offering tours and tastings.

The Templo de Santo Domingo de Guzmán, a baroque-style church and former monastery, stands as one of the most prominent architectural icons in the city.

Benito Juárez, a national hero and former President of Mexico, was born in a small village near Oaxaca, underscoring the region's connection to national politics.

The city's vibrant markets, such as the Mercado Benito Juárez and Mercado 20 de Noviembre, offer a diverse range of local products, foods, and handicrafts.

Oaxaca's culinary scene is renowned for its unique moles, tlayudas, chapulines (grasshoppers), and other traditional dishes, reflecting the rich flavors of Oaxacan cuisine.

Population growth in Oaxaca de Juárez has been relatively steady, although it faces challenges related to urbanization, infrastructure development, and access to resources.

The city's historical evolution has been marked by periods of both prosperity and conflict, including its role in the Mexican War of Independence and subsequent social movements.

The Regional Museum of Oaxaca, housed in the former Santo Domingo convent, features an extensive collection of artifacts from pre-Hispanic cultures, providing insights into the region's rich history.