Fairbanks North Star Borough was incorporated in 1963, one of the original boroughs established following Alaska's statehood, aiming to provide a regional government structure across a vast area.

Geographically, the borough encompasses a significant portion of Alaska's Interior, characterized by taiga forests, river valleys like the Tanana, and proximity to the Alaska Range, contributing to its diverse ecosystems.

Fairbanks experienced a population boom during the early 20th century due to gold discoveries, leading to its establishment as a vital supply hub for miners and prospectors in the surrounding areas.

Permafrost underlies much of the borough, posing significant challenges for construction and infrastructure development, requiring specialized engineering solutions to ensure stability.

The borough's economy is heavily reliant on the presence of Fort Wainwright and Eielson Air Force Base, making it a crucial center for military activity and related economic activities.

Mining remains a relevant industry, although now focused more on gravel extraction and construction materials rather than gold, supporting the borough's infrastructure and development projects.

The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) is a major employer and educational institution, contributing significantly to research, especially in Arctic studies, engineering, and natural sciences.

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) originates near Fairbanks, playing a critical role in transporting oil from the North Slope to Valdez, thereby impacting the borough's economy and infrastructure.

Dog mushing is deeply ingrained in the local culture, with numerous residents participating in recreational and competitive mushing, particularly during the winter months.

The World Eskimo-Indian Olympics (WEIO), held annually in Fairbanks, showcases traditional Indigenous games and cultural performances, celebrating the heritage of Alaska Native communities.

Pioneer Park, a historical theme park in Fairbanks, recreates a gold rush town, providing visitors with insight into the borough's early history and its significance during the gold rush era.

The Museum of the North at UAF houses extensive collections related to Alaskan art, history, and natural science, offering invaluable resources for researchers and the public.

The Chena River State Recreation Area, located near Fairbanks, provides opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, fishing, and canoeing, attracting tourists and outdoor enthusiasts.

Fairbanks is a significant location for aurora borealis viewing due to its high latitude and minimal light pollution, boosting tourism during the winter months and supporting local businesses.

While not a UNESCO World Heritage site itself, Fairbanks serves as a gateway for exploring nearby national parks and protected areas that contribute to Alaska's rich natural and cultural heritage.