Juneau, established in 1880 during the Alaska Gold Rush, was initially called Harrisburg before miners renamed it in honor of Richard Harris, who discovered gold there.

As the only U.S. state capital bordering another country, Juneau shares its eastern border with British Columbia, Canada, influencing its unique regional identity.

Situated within the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States, Juneau's geography is defined by steep mountains, glaciers, and waterways, restricting road access and contributing to its isolated nature.

Unlike most state capitals, Juneau is not accessible by road; transportation relies heavily on airplanes and ferries, influencing its supply chains and daily life.

Juneau is the third-largest city in Alaska by population, yet it has a relatively small population compared to other state capitals in the U.S., maintaining a close-knit community feel.

The economy of Juneau is heavily reliant on government employment, particularly state and federal jobs, making it a stable but less diversified economic base than some other Alaskan cities.

Tourism is a significant industry in Juneau, attracting visitors with its stunning natural beauty, whale watching tours, glacier viewing, and historical sites, particularly during the summer months.

The Alaska State Museum, located in Juneau, showcases the state's rich history and diverse cultures, including significant collections related to Alaska Native groups and the Russian-American period.

The Juneau Arts & Humanities Council plays a vital role in promoting arts and culture, hosting various events, exhibitions, and performances throughout the year, contributing to a vibrant community atmosphere.

The annual Juneau Gold Rush Days, a multi-day festival, celebrates the city's mining heritage with various contests, parades, and activities, attracting locals and tourists alike.

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site easily accessible from Juneau, showcases dramatic glaciers, diverse wildlife, and serves as a crucial area for scientific research on climate change.

The Mendenhall Glacier, a popular tourist attraction near Juneau, offers visitors the opportunity to witness a massive glacier up close and learn about glacial processes and their environmental impact.

The Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian peoples have a deep and enduring history in the Juneau area, with their cultural traditions and art forms still playing a significant role in the community's identity.

While Juneau is the state capital, there have been multiple attempts to relocate the capital to a more centrally located city, reflecting ongoing debates about accessibility and political representation within Alaska.

Southeast Alaska's rainforest climate, with abundant rainfall and moderate temperatures, greatly influences Juneau's ecosystem and the daily life of its residents, requiring adaptations to frequent precipitation.