Jelsa, located on the island of Hvar, has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of Illyrian and Roman settlements shaping its early history.

Geographically, Jelsa is nestled in a sheltered bay on the northern coast of Hvar, surrounded by lush pine forests, vineyards, and olive groves.

The demographic composition of Jelsa reveals a predominantly Croatian population, with a steady but gradual growth trend in recent decades due to tourism.

Jelsa's economy is largely driven by tourism, agriculture (particularly wine and olive oil production), and fishing, contributing significantly to its local prosperity.

Historically, Jelsa served as an important port for the export of agricultural products from the fertile plains of Hvar.

The Augustinian monastery of St. Mary, dating back to the 15th century, stands as one of Jelsa's most prominent historical landmarks, showcasing Gothic and Renaissance architectural elements.

Jelsa's cultural identity is deeply rooted in its maritime traditions, evident in the numerous festivals and celebrations dedicated to the sea and its bounty.

The "Za Krizen" (Following the Cross) procession, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage event held annually on Maundy Thursday, involves six villages, including Jelsa, in a solemn night-long pilgrimage.

Population growth in Jelsa has been influenced by increased tourism, resulting in more permanent residents and seasonal workers catering to the industry.

The fertile plains surrounding Jelsa contribute significantly to the production of high-quality Plavac Mali wine, a prominent Croatian varietal.

Throughout history, Jelsa has been under the rule of various powers, including the Venetian Republic and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, each leaving its mark on the town's architecture and culture.

The Jelsa Municipal Museum houses a collection of artifacts and exhibits showcasing the town's rich history and cultural heritage.

Jelsa's harbor hosts numerous sailing regattas and maritime events, solidifying its position as a prominent nautical destination.

Local traditions in Jelsa include the production of lavender oil and handicrafts, reflecting the region's natural resources and artisan skills.

While not directly involved in national politics, Jelsa's contribution to the Croatian economy through tourism makes it a vital component of the country's overall prosperity.