Santa Cesarea Terme is a town and municipality in the province of Lecce, in the Apulia region of southeastern Italy.

Its name derives from the discovery of a thermal spring dedicated to Saint Caesarius, a patron saint of the town.

The town's history dates back to the 6th century BC, with evidence of Messapian settlements in the area.

It was later conquered by the Romans, who established a thermal bath complex known as "Aquae Caesarianae.".

In the Middle Ages, the town came under the rule of the Byzantines, Lombards, and Normans.

During the 16th century, Santa Cesarea Terme was fortified by the Spanish against Turkish invasions.

The town's economy is primarily based on tourism, with a focus on thermal baths and wellness.

Agriculture is also important, with olives, grapes, and almonds being the main crops.

The town's population has remained relatively stable over the past century, with around 10,000 inhabitants.

Santa Cesarea Terme boasts several notable landmarks, including the Aragonese Castle, the Church of San Cesario, and the Thermal Baths of Santa Cesarea Terme.

It is renowned for its "Grotta di Sant'Antonio," a cave with ancient rock carvings and paintings.

The town hosts the annual "Festa Patronale di San Cesario," a religious festival with parades, music, and traditional dances.

Santa Cesarea Terme has played a minor role in Italian history, mainly due to its geographical isolation.

The town has no major scientific or political contributions of national significance.

It is not inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.