Kýthira, despite being part of the Attica region administratively, geographically lies closer to the Peloponnese and is considered one of the Ionian Islands, influencing its culture and history.

The island's strategic location between the Aegean and Ionian Seas made it a crucial maritime crossroads, historically controlled by various powers including the Minoans, Mycenaeans, Phoenicians, Athenians, Spartans, Romans, Venetians, and Ottomans.

Kythira's Venetian rule, lasting for centuries, significantly shaped its architecture, legal system, and social structure, evident in the Venetian lion emblem found throughout the island.

The island served as a vital link in Venetian trade routes, particularly for the export of agricultural products and the provision of safe harbor for merchant ships.

Demographically, Kythira has experienced a population decline in recent decades due to emigration, particularly to Athens and abroad, seeking better economic opportunities.

Its economy is primarily based on agriculture, with olive oil production, honey production, and livestock farming being significant contributors to the local economy.

Tourism has been steadily growing in Kythira, attracting visitors with its pristine beaches, traditional villages, and relatively unspoiled natural environment.

The island boasts a rich cultural heritage, characterized by its unique dialect, traditional music, and vibrant folklore, influenced by its diverse historical past.

Kythira's architecture showcases a blend of Venetian, Cycladic, and neoclassical styles, with notable examples found in its churches, fortresses, and traditional houses.

The Medieval Castle of Kythira (Kastro), overlooking the island's capital, Chora, stands as a prominent landmark, offering panoramic views and reflecting the island's fortified history.

The Cave of Agia Sophia, near Kalamos, is a significant religious and historical site, adorned with Byzantine frescoes dating back to the 13th century.

The Monastery of Panagia Myrtidiotissa, dedicated to the patron saint of Kythira, attracts pilgrims and showcases remarkable religious art and architecture.

Kythira is known for its several traditional festivals, including the Panagia Myrtidiotissa celebration in September, which involves religious processions and cultural events.

The island's natural landscape is characterized by rugged mountains, fertile valleys, and picturesque coastlines, providing diverse habitats for flora and fauna.

Although not a UNESCO World Heritage site itself, Kythira's Venetian influence connects it culturally to other Venetian-era sites in Greece, contributing to the country's rich cultural tapestry.