Founded in the 12th century, Siena played a significant role in medieval Tuscany as a key center of trade, banking, and the arts.

Located in central Tuscany, Siena occupies a picturesque position perched on three hills surrounded by the scenic Tuscan countryside.

As of 2023, Siena's population is approximately 54,000, reflecting a gradual increase over the past decades.

The city's economy is primarily driven by tourism, healthcare, and the agri-food sector, including renowned wine production in the Chianti region.

Siena is renowned for its rich artistic heritage, exemplified by its historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995.

Piazza del Campo, the city's central square, is famous for its unique shell-like shape and hosts the biannual Palio di Siena, a thrilling horse race and traditional festival.

The University of Siena, established in the 13th century, is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world.

Siena made significant contributions to Italian history as a center of the Guelph faction during the Middle Ages.

The city is home to numerous medieval churches, including the iconic Duomo di Siena, a Gothic masterpiece.

In the 16th century, Siena was conquered by Florence, which led to a decline in its political and economic power.

During the Renaissance, Siena continued to flourish as a center of art and culture, producing renowned painters such as Duccio di Buoninsegna and Simone Martini.

The city is also known for its lively student population and traditional cuisine, such as pici pasta and panpepato, a spicy gingerbread-like treat.

Siena is well-connected by rail and road to major cities in Tuscany and beyond.

The Tuscan countryside surrounding Siena offers ample opportunities for scenic drives, hiking, and wine tasting.

Siena's rich cultural heritage, stunning architecture, and vibrant atmosphere continue to attract visitors from around the world.