Naples is the capital of the Campania region in Southern Italy, located on the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.

Founded in the 8th century BC as Neapolis, a Greek colony, it developed into one of the most important cities of the Roman Republic.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Naples was a Byzantine duchy, and later an independent republic.

In the 13th century, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, which later merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Naples became part of the unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861, and served as its capital for a brief period.

Today, it is a major industrial, commercial, and tourism hub, with a population of around 1 million.

Its major industries include shipbuilding, aerospace, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.

Naples has been a center of culture and art for centuries, known for its architecture, music, and cuisine.

The city is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Historic Centre of Naples, which includes many Baroque and Renaissance churches, palaces, and monuments.

The Naples National Archaeological Museum is one of the most important museums in the world, housing a vast collection of ancient artifacts.

Naples is also famous for its Teatro San Carlo, one of the oldest and most prestigious opera houses in Europe.

The city's unique street food culture, centered around pizza and other local delicacies, is a major attraction for tourists.

Naples has a long history of political activism, and was a major center of the Italian Resistance during World War II.

The city is home to the University of Naples Federico II, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world.

Naples has been a major center of scientific research, with contributions to fields such as medicine, engineering, and physics.