Vatican City State, known officially as the Vatican City State (Holy See), is the smallest independent country globally, with an area of 0.44 sq km.

Located within the city of Rome, Vatican City State is a unique sovereign entity governed by the Holy See, the central governing body of the Catholic Church.

The Vatican's history can be traced back to the 4th century AD, when Emperor Constantine built the old St. Peter's Basilica.

It was not until 1929, under the Lateran Treaty, that Vatican City State was established as an independent state.

The majority of Vatican City's population consists of cardinals, priests, and members of religious orders serving the Holy See.

Despite its small size, Vatican City has a diverse economy supported by tourism, financial services, and the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs.

The Vatican Museums house one of the world's largest and most renowned collections of art and artifacts.

St. Peter's Basilica, the papal seat, is a magnificent Renaissance masterpiece and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Vatican City has its own postal service, a newspaper, a radio station, and a bank.

The Swiss Guard, the ceremonial and protective force of the Vatican, has served the Holy See since the 16th century.

The Vatican Gardens cover over half of Vatican City and provide a serene oasis within the bustling city of Rome.

Pope Francis, the current head of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome, resides in the Apostolic Palace within Vatican City.

Vatican City is a major pilgrimage site for Catholics worldwide, attracting millions of visitors each year.

The Vatican has played a significant role in international diplomacy, particularly in promoting peace and interfaith dialogue.

The Vatican Observatory, with telescopes located in Arizona and Italy, is a renowned center for astronomical research.