Ko Pha Ngan is an island situated off the coast of Surat Thani province in Southern Thailand, renowned for its idyllic beaches and lively nightlife.

Its recorded history dates back to the 13th century, with evidence of ancient settlements and later Chinese influence.

The island's name translates to "rock of the sandbar," referring to the sandbar that connects the island to Ko Samui.

Ko Pha Ngan's geography is characterized by pristine beaches, lush greenery, and a mountainous terrain, with its highest peak being Khao Ra.

With a total land area of approximately 168 square kilometers, the island has a population of around 15,000 permanent residents.

Tourism is the primary industry, attracting visitors from around the world with its picturesque sandy shores, vibrant nightlife, and wellness retreats.

The island's economy also relies on agriculture, primarily coconut and rubber plantations, as well as fishing.

Ko Pha Ngan is celebrated for its vibrant Thai and Western culture, with influences from neighboring countries.

The Full Moon Party, held monthly on the island, is a world-renowned beach festival attracting thousands of revelers.

The island has preserved its local traditions with numerous temples and shrines showcasing its religious heritage.

There are no UNESCO World Heritage Sites on Ko Pha Ngan, but it holds cultural significance as a pilgrimage site for Thai Buddhists.

The island's population growth rate has been stable in recent years, with a slight increase in tourism-related migration.

Ko Pha Ngan played no significant role in Thailand's national history or politics.

There have been no notable scientific contributions associated with Ko Pha Ngan.