Okres Ústí nad Orlicí, an administrative district of the Pardubický Region, is located in northeastern Czech Republic and borders Poland.

Its historical roots can be traced back to the 9th century, with its territory forming part of Bohemia and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

A significant part of its populace was displaced or killed during the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century.

The majority of the district's population is Czech (96%), followed by smaller communities of Slovaks and Roma.

The district has experienced a gradual population decline in recent years, with a current population of approximately 125,000.

The economy of Okres Ústí nad Orlicí is primarily based on manufacturing, with a focus on the automotive and textile industries.

The district is home to several notable cultural landmarks, including the Baroque Church of St. Procopius in Ústí nad Orlicí and the Gothic castle in Lanškroun.

The region is renowned for its traditional craft of bobbin lace-making, which has been inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

The annual Lanškroun Lace Festival showcases the district's lace-making heritage, attracting visitors from across the country.

Okres Ústí nad Orlicí has a rich literary tradition, being the birthplace of the Czech writer Alois Jirásek and the location where Božena Němcová wrote her famous novel "The Grandmother.".

The district played a significant role in the Czech National Revival movement during the 19th century, with the establishment of several patriotic organizations and cultural institutions.

During World War II, the district was occupied by Nazi Germany and became part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the war, the district was affected by the expulsion of the ethnic German population, which had constituted a significant minority before the conflict.

Okres Ústí nad Orlicí has made notable contributions to science, with the discovery of the chemical element protactinium at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Řež.

The district is known for its beautiful natural landscapes, including the Orlické Mountains and the Ústí nad Orlicí Reservoir.