Agematsu flourished as one of the 11 post towns along the Kiso Road, a vital section of the Nakasendō, which connected Edo (modern-day Tokyo) with Kyoto during the Edo period.

Nestled in the Kiso Valley, Agematsu is characterized by its mountainous terrain, with the Kiso River flowing through its center and surrounded by dense forests.

Like many rural areas in Japan, Agematsu has experienced a long-term population decline and features an aging demographic, with a current population of around 4,000 residents as of recent estimates.

The town's economy is historically and predominantly centered on forestry, particularly the revered Kiso hinoki (Japanese cypress), alongside a growing emphasis on nature-based tourism.

Agematsu maintains a strong cultural identity linked to the Kiso region, preserving folk traditions, local craftsmanship, and a deep appreciation for its natural environment.

The Akasawa Natural Forest, located within Agematsu, is renowned as the birthplace of Japan's first forest railway and is cherished for its ancient Kiso hinoki trees and therapeutic forest bathing trails.

Nezame no Toko (Bed of Awakening) is a famous scenic spot along the Kiso River, featuring unique rock formations sculpted by erosion, which has inspired various legends and artworks.

From its Edo-period role as a key post station regulating timber trade and accommodating travelers, Agematsu evolved into a modern town with an economy still heavily reliant on its forest resources.

Beyond traditional forestry, contemporary Agematsu sees industries related to wood processing, sake brewing, and tourism, catering to visitors exploring the Kiso Valley and its natural beauty.

The town's population peaked in the mid-20th century, but has since steadily decreased due to out-migration of younger generations and low birth rates, posing challenges for local revitalization.

While Agematsu itself is not a direct UNESCO World Heritage site, efforts are underway to potentially include parts of the historic Nakasendō, which runs through the town, in future nominations related to the Kiso Road.

The Kiso Yoshinaka Festival is a significant local event, celebrating Minamoto no Yoshinaka, a prominent samurai leader from the Kiso region, with parades and traditional performances.

The distinctive Kiso-bushi folk song, characterized by its unique rhythm and lyrics often reflecting life in the Kiso forests, is a cherished cultural tradition originating from the region.

Agematsu played a crucial role in the Tokugawa shogunate's strict forest management policies, controlling access to and harvesting of the valuable Kiso five trees, including hinoki.

The town is known for local specialties such as "Gohei-mochi," grilled rice cakes with a sweet miso glaze, and other dishes utilizing local mountain vegetables and fresh river fish.