Agatsuma-gun, historically part of ancient Kōzuke Province, boasts evidence of human habitation dating back to the Jomon period, indicating its long-standing cultural roots.

Strategically located in northwestern Gunma Prefecture, Agatsuma-gun is characterized by its rugged mountainous terrain, including significant portions of the Joshin'etsu Kogen National Park.

The district is home to renowned volcanic peaks such as Mount Kusatsu-Shirane and Mount Asama, whose geothermal activity fuels the region's famous hot spring resorts.

The Agatsuma River, flowing through the district's valleys, is a vital natural feature, providing water resources and shaping the local landscape before joining the larger Tone River system.

Agriculture forms a crucial pillar of Agatsuma-gun's economy, with Tsumagoi town particularly famous nationwide for its high-quality highland cabbage, cultivated on its volcanic plateaus.

Tourism is the predominant industry, attracting millions of visitors annually to its numerous acclaimed onsen resorts, including Kusatsu, Shima, and Manza Onsen.

Kusatsu Onsen, a world-renowned hot spring town within Agatsuma-gun, is famous for its "Yumomi" performance, a traditional method of cooling the sulfurous hot spring water with wooden paddles.

Reflecting broader national trends, Agatsuma-gun has experienced a gradual population decline and an increasing aging population over recent decades, posing challenges for local communities.

The district's historical evolution saw it develop as a crucial transit route connecting central Honshu with the Sea of Japan, facilitating trade and cultural exchange during the Edo period.

Traditional local festivals, such as the Agatsuma Festival and various summer events in its towns, are vibrant expressions of local culture, often featuring ancient rituals and communal celebrations.

The area showcases unique traditional crafts, including specific types of woodworking and pottery, which have been passed down through generations, reflecting the region's natural resources.

Several historical temples and shrines, such as the ancient Iwaya-do cave temple in Higashiagatsuma, serve as important cultural properties and spiritual centers for the local population.

The district's high-altitude environment supports a distinctive ecosystem, making it a significant area for ecological research and conservation efforts within the national park system.

Despite facing demographic shifts, local government and community initiatives are actively promoting sustainable tourism and regional revitalization efforts to preserve Agatsuma-gun's unique appeal.

The region’s robust geothermal activity not only supports its hot spring industry but also contributes to scientific studies of volcanism and sustainable energy possibilities in Japan.