Pau is a city in southwestern France, located in the historical region of Béarn and the current department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, within the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Pau is situated in the foothills of the Pyrenees mountains, at the confluence of the Gave de Pau and the Luy de Béarn rivers.

The city's history dates back to the 11th century, when it was founded as a stronghold by the Viscounts of Béarn.

In 1464, Pau became the capital of the sovereign Principality of Béarn under Gaston IV of Foix.

Pau played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation, becoming a refuge for Huguenots during the Wars of Religion in the 16th century.

In the 17th century, Pau was annexed by France and became an important administrative center.

Pau experienced a period of prosperity in the 19th century as a winter resort for the British aristocracy and wealthy Europeans.

The city's economy today is primarily based on tourism, services, and light industry.

Pau has a rich cultural heritage, with numerous museums, theaters, and art galleries, including the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau and the Musée Bernadotte.

The city is renowned for its annual Béarn Festival, showcasing the region's music, dance, and traditional costumes.

Notable landmarks include the Château de Pau, the former royal palace of the Viscounts of Béarn, and the Boulevard des Pyrénées, offering panoramic views of the surrounding mountains.

The Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption, built in the 15th and 16th centuries, is a blend of Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles.

Pau is home to the Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, a public university with a strong focus on science and technology.

The city has a population of approximately 77,000 inhabitants, making it the economic and cultural capital of Béarn.

Pau is well-connected by road, rail, and air, with an airport serving destinations throughout Europe.