Villefranche-sur-Mer traces its origins back to the 13th century, when Charles II of Anjou, Count of Provence, established a free port (hence "Villefranche," meaning "free town") to attract trade and population to the area.

The town's deep-water harbor, one of the deepest natural harbors in the Mediterranean, has played a crucial role in its history, serving as a naval base for various powers, including the House of Savoy and the French Navy.

Geographically, Villefranche-sur-Mer is nestled on the French Riviera, between Nice and Monaco, characterized by steep hillsides descending to a picturesque bay, offering stunning panoramic views.

Villefranche-sur-Mer's population has experienced steady growth, with its current population hovering around 5,000 permanent residents, bolstered significantly during peak tourist seasons.

Tourism is the town’s primary economic driver, with visitors attracted to its scenic beauty, historical sites, and proximity to other major Riviera destinations, creating employment in hospitality, dining, and retail.

The Chapelle Saint-Pierre, decorated by Jean Cocteau in 1957, is a significant cultural landmark, showcasing the artist's unique style and serving as a testament to his deep connection with the town.

The Citadel of Villefranche-sur-Mer, built in the 16th century, stands as a formidable historical monument, now housing the town hall, a museum, and open-air theater.

The Rue Obscure, a covered passageway dating back to the 13th century, is a distinctive architectural feature that once served as a protected route for soldiers and residents.

Villefranche-sur-Mer is renowned for its vibrant culinary scene, particularly its seafood restaurants, which offer fresh catches from the Mediterranean Sea, reflecting the town's maritime heritage.

The town's harbor has been a popular filming location for numerous movies, including "To Catch a Thief," "Never Say Never Again," and "Ronin," showcasing its cinematic appeal.

While not a UNESCO World Heritage site itself, Villefranche-sur-Mer is located within the broader region of the French Riviera, which boasts several sites under consideration for UNESCO recognition due to its historical and cultural significance.

Villefranche-sur-Mer historically formed part of the County of Nice, which has been a point of contention between France and Italy throughout history, eventually becoming permanently French in 1860.

The town is actively involved in marine research, hosting the Oceanological Observatory of Villefranche-sur-Mer, a research facility associated with the Sorbonne University, contributing to marine biology and oceanography.

One notable local tradition involves celebrating maritime festivals, honoring the town's seafaring heritage with processions, boat races, and religious ceremonies dedicated to Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen.

Villefranche-sur-Mer's political landscape is governed by a mayor and a municipal council, responsible for managing local affairs, infrastructure development, and promoting tourism, reflecting a commitment to preserving its unique charm and character.