L'Île-Rousse was founded in 1758 by Pasquale Paoli, the Corsican patriot, to rival the Genoese port of Calvi and establish a Corsican foothold in the Balagne region.

The town's name, meaning "Red Island," originates from the reddish porphyry rock that characterizes the small islet, Pietra Island, connected to the mainland by a causeway.

Geographically, L'Île-Rousse benefits from a prime coastal location, offering picturesque beaches and serving as a gateway to the rugged mountainous interior of northern Corsica.

L'Île-Rousse boasts a mild Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters, making it a popular tourist destination year-round.

The population of L'Île-Rousse has seen a gradual increase over the past few decades, driven primarily by tourism and the appeal of a relaxed island lifestyle, currently hovering around 3,500 residents.

Economically, tourism is the dominant industry in L'Île-Rousse, contributing significantly to local businesses, particularly in the hospitality, retail, and transportation sectors.

Fishing and agriculture, especially the cultivation of olive groves and vineyards, play a smaller but still vital role in the local economy, preserving traditional Corsican practices.

The covered market of L'Île-Rousse, a historical landmark constructed in the 19th century, is a hub for local farmers and artisans, showcasing regional produce and crafts.

Place Paoli, the central square of L'Île-Rousse, serves as a vibrant meeting point for locals and tourists, hosting events, markets, and cultural performances throughout the year.

The Pietra Lighthouse, situated on Pietra Island, is an iconic symbol of L'Île-Rousse, guiding ships along the Corsican coast and offering panoramic views of the surrounding area.

L'Île-Rousse's cultural identity is strongly influenced by Corsican traditions, including polyphonic singing, traditional music, and local festivals celebrating religious and historical events.

While not a UNESCO World Heritage Site itself, L'Île-Rousse benefits from its proximity to other Corsican natural and cultural landmarks, enhancing its attractiveness to visitors.

The Fête de la Sainte-Marie, a religious procession and celebration held annually in August, is a significant local tradition that attracts both residents and visitors.

Although L'Île-Rousse hasn't been a central player in national politics, its historical founding by Pasquale Paoli marks its importance in Corsica's struggle for independence.

While not known for major scientific contributions, the natural environment surrounding L'Île-Rousse provides a valuable setting for ecological studies and marine research.