Iztapalapa's history predates the Spanish conquest, originating as an important settlement within the Valley of Mexico, inhabited by the Nahua people and known as Ixtlapalapan, meaning "in the salt flat".

Geographically, Iztapalapa occupies the southeastern portion of Mexico City, characterized by a relatively flat terrain that once formed part of Lake Texcoco, leading to historical challenges with drainage and flooding.

With a population exceeding 1.8 million, Iztapalapa is the most populous borough of Mexico City, reflecting substantial urbanization and migration from other parts of the country.

Economically, Iztapalapa is largely driven by commerce and services, with a significant presence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) alongside informal street vending.

The borough's cultural landscape is richly influenced by its indigenous heritage and strong Catholic traditions, evident in its vibrant festivals and celebrations.

The Passion Play of Iztapalapa, an annual re-enactment of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, is one of the largest and most famous religious spectacles in Mexico, drawing millions of spectators.

Cerro de la Estrella National Park, located within Iztapalapa, is a significant archaeological site and natural reserve, holding historical importance as a location for pre-Hispanic New Fire ceremonies.

Iztapalapa has experienced rapid population growth in the 20th and 21st centuries, fueled by its affordability compared to central areas of Mexico City, resulting in significant infrastructure challenges.

The borough's infrastructure, including water and sanitation systems, has struggled to keep pace with its rapid population growth, leading to concerns about resource management and public health.

While Iztapalapa is not directly home to a UNESCO World Heritage site, its proximity to the Historic Center of Mexico City and Xochimilco contributes to the overall cultural significance of the region.

Iztapalapa has faced social challenges related to poverty, crime, and limited access to education and employment opportunities, impacting the overall quality of life for some residents.

The Canal Nacional, a historic waterway that once connected Xochimilco to the city center, passes through Iztapalapa, serving as a reminder of the area's historical connection to the region's water systems.

Iztapalapa is an important center for popular culture, featuring numerous murals, street art, and musical expressions reflecting the diverse backgrounds of its residents.

The political landscape of Iztapalapa is often characterized by social movements and community organizations advocating for improved services, infrastructure, and social justice.

Although Iztapalapa is not renowned for significant scientific contributions, local universities and research centers are actively involved in addressing urban challenges and promoting sustainable development within the borough.