Les Ancizes, formerly known as Les Ancizes-Comps, has origins tracing back to the Gallo-Roman period, with archaeological evidence suggesting early settlements and agricultural activity in the area.

Geographically, Les Ancizes is situated in the Puy-de-Dôme department, part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, characterized by its hilly terrain and proximity to the Combrailles region.

The town lies along the Sioule river, a significant waterway that has historically been crucial for transportation, milling, and providing power to early industries in Les Ancizes.

Demographically, Les Ancizes has experienced fluctuations in population, with a general trend of decline in the 20th century due to rural exodus, followed by stabilization and slight growth in recent years.

Historically, Les Ancizes was part of the province of Auvergne, known for its strong regional identity and its distinctive dialect, Auvergnat.

The economy of Les Ancizes has been largely based on agriculture, forestry, and small-scale industries, including food processing and woodworking, reflecting the area's natural resources.

The construction of the A89 motorway, connecting Lyon and Bordeaux, has improved accessibility to Les Ancizes, potentially stimulating economic growth and tourism.

The town's cultural landscape is influenced by its rural setting, with traditional Auvergnat architecture visible in its older buildings and farmhouses.

A key landmark is the 12th-century Romanesque church, Église Saint-Georges, featuring notable architectural details and reflecting the region's religious heritage.

Les Ancizes holds a local market weekly, which serves as a social and economic hub for the town and surrounding villages, promoting local produce and crafts.

Although not directly located within Les Ancizes, the nearby Chaîne des Puys-Limagne fault tectonic arena, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a major draw for tourism in the region, indirectly benefiting Les Ancizes.

The development of tourism related to outdoor activities, such as hiking, fishing, and canoeing on the Sioule river, contributes to the local economy.

Historically, Les Ancizes played a minor role during World War II, serving as a refuge for those fleeing occupied areas.

Traditional festivals celebrating local produce, like apple festivals or grape harvest celebrations, are common in the area, though not uniquely exclusive to Les Ancizes.

The municipal administration is focused on promoting sustainable development and preserving the natural environment of Les Ancizes, reflecting a growing awareness of ecological issues.