Setúbal, historically known as Cetóbriga during the Roman period, boasts a rich past as a prominent settlement for fish salting and trade due to its strategic coastal location.

Geographically, Setúbal is situated on the northern bank of the Sado River estuary, where the river meets the Atlantic Ocean, contributing to its fertile lands and diverse ecosystem.

The demographic makeup of Setúbal shows a gradual aging population trend, mirroring the national shift, with an increasing percentage of residents over the age of 65.

Setúbal's economy is heavily dependent on its port, one of Portugal's most important, facilitating international trade and contributing substantially to the nation's GDP.

The fishing industry remains a significant economic driver in Setúbal, renowned for its fresh seafood, particularly sardines and swordfish, sustaining local livelihoods and culinary traditions.

Culturally, Setúbal is known for its vibrant "Feira de Santiago," an annual fair held in July that showcases regional crafts, gastronomy, and musical performances.

Setúbal's Fortress of São Filipe, overlooking the city and the Sado estuary, stands as a testament to its historical military importance, having played a role in defending Portugal against invasions.

The Arrábida Natural Park, partly located within the Setúbal municipality, provides a stunning landscape of limestone cliffs, diverse flora and fauna, making it a crucial biodiversity hotspot.

The Igreja de Jesus, a Manueline-style church in Setúbal, is considered one of the earliest examples of Renaissance architecture in Portugal and a significant historical monument.

Population growth in Setúbal has fluctuated over the centuries, with periods of significant increase linked to industrial development and periods of decline related to economic downturns.

Setúbal played a crucial role during the Age of Discoveries, serving as a key port for shipbuilding and voyages to explore new territories, contributing to Portugal's maritime empire.

While not a UNESCO World Heritage site in its entirety, the Arrábida Natural Park is a candidate site and recognised for its cultural landscape associated with monastic communities and agricultural practices.

The Festa das Sardinhas, an annual sardine festival, is a deeply ingrained local tradition in Setúbal, celebrating the region's iconic fish and the importance of the fishing community.

Throughout the 20th century, Setúbal was a stronghold of the Portuguese Communist Party, reflecting the strong working-class presence associated with the fishing and industrial sectors.

The Museu de Setúbal showcases the city's rich historical evolution, from its Roman origins to its modern industrial development, displaying archaeological finds, artwork, and ethnographic collections.