Linlithgow's historical significance stems primarily from being the birthplace of Mary Queen of Scots in 1542 at Linlithgow Palace, a royal residence.

Situated in West Lothian, Scotland, Linlithgow lies on the south shore of Linlithgow Loch, contributing to its scenic landscape and historical importance as a strategic location.

The town's population has experienced moderate growth, reaching approximately 14,000 residents in recent years, reflecting its desirability as a commuter town for Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Linlithgow Palace, now a ruin maintained by Historic Environment Scotland, served as a significant royal residence for Scottish monarchs from the 15th to 17th centuries.

During the Scottish Reformation, Linlithgow witnessed periods of religious upheaval and conflict, impacting its social and political landscape.

The Union Canal, a major waterway that passes through Linlithgow, was crucial for transporting goods and passengers during the Industrial Revolution, connecting Edinburgh to the west.

Linlithgow Cross, a prominent town landmark, was historically a site for important proclamations, public announcements, and executions, highlighting its role in local governance.

The town's economy, while historically reliant on industries like leather tanning and textiles, is now largely driven by retail, tourism, and commuter employment in larger cities.

The annual Linlithgow Marches, a colourful civic festival, celebrates the town's history and traditions with parades, pageantry, and community events.

St Michael's Parish Church, adjacent to Linlithgow Palace, is a notable example of late medieval Scottish architecture, having served as a significant religious site for centuries.

The House of the Binns, located near Linlithgow, is a historic house associated with the Dalyell family, including General Tam Dalyell, known for his role in suppressing the Covenanters.

Linlithgow was a Royal Burgh, granting it certain privileges and responsibilities in trade and governance, reflecting its importance within the Scottish burgh system.

Although not a UNESCO World Heritage Site itself, Linlithgow's proximity to the Antonine Wall, a UNESCO site, underscores its historical connection to Roman Britain.

The geological features surrounding Linlithgow, including its loch and surrounding hills, contribute to its diverse ecosystem and opportunities for outdoor recreation.

Linlithgow's role in national politics extended to hosting prominent figures and events during times of Scottish independence movements and royal governance.