Bonneville County was established in 1911, carved out of Bingham County, and named in honor of Benjamin Bonneville, a U.S. Army officer and explorer known for his expeditions in the American West.

The county's geography is characterized by a diverse landscape, including the Snake River Plain, portions of the Caribou-Targhee National Forest, and significant agricultural lands irrigated by the Snake River.

Idaho Falls, the county seat and largest city, serves as a regional hub for Eastern Idaho and surrounding areas, providing medical, retail, and professional services.

Bonneville County's population has experienced consistent growth, driven by its strong economy, quality of life, and proximity to outdoor recreational opportunities.

Agriculture remains a significant sector in Bonneville County, with potatoes, wheat, barley, and sugar beets being major crops grown in the fertile Snake River Plain.

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a leading nuclear research facility, is partially located within Bonneville County and is a major employer, contributing significantly to the local economy and scientific advancements.

The Museum of Idaho in Idaho Falls showcases the region's natural and cultural history, featuring exhibits on dinosaurs, Native American artifacts, and pioneer life.

The Greenbelt Riverwalk, a scenic pathway along the Snake River in Idaho Falls, provides recreational opportunities and connects several parks and attractions.

The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes have a historical presence in the Bonneville County area, and their cultural heritage is an important aspect of the region's identity.

Melaleuca Field, home to the Idaho Falls Chukars, a Minor League Baseball team, offers entertainment and contributes to the community's sporting culture.

Bonneville County's proximity to Yellowstone National Park and Grand Teton National Park makes it a gateway for tourism and outdoor recreation.

The county's political landscape is generally considered conservative, with a strong Republican presence in local and state elections.

The Eastern Idaho State Fair, held annually in Blackfoot (adjacent to Bonneville County), is a major agricultural and community event, showcasing livestock, crops, and local talent.

The Teton Flood of 1976, while impacting neighboring counties more directly, prompted infrastructure improvements and emergency preparedness measures in Bonneville County as well.

The Snake River provides opportunities for fishing, boating, and other water activities, contributing to the recreational appeal of Bonneville County.