Cumberland, Maryland, was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, primarily the Shawnee and Delaware, who utilized the area's strategic location at the confluence of the Potomac River and Wills Creek.

Fort Cumberland, established in 1754 by British colonists during the French and Indian War, served as a crucial military outpost and staging ground for expeditions into the Ohio River Valley.

George Washington, during his early military career, used Fort Cumberland as his headquarters, highlighting the town's significance in the pre-Revolutionary War era.

The city's location along the National Road, initiated in the early 19th century, transformed Cumberland into a major transportation hub, facilitating westward expansion and trade.

Cumberland experienced a significant population boom in the 19th and early 20th centuries due to its role as a prominent coal mining and railroad center.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad established significant operations in Cumberland, contributing to the city's industrial growth and connecting it to major East Coast markets.

Cumberland's downtown area boasts a variety of historic architectural styles, reflecting its economic prosperity and evolution from a frontier outpost to an industrial center.

The Western Maryland Scenic Railroad, a popular tourist attraction, operates from Cumberland, offering scenic train rides through the surrounding mountains and valleys.

Rocky Gap State Park, located a short distance from Cumberland, features Lake Habeeb, hiking trails, and a golf course, providing recreational opportunities and attracting visitors.

The Allegany Museum in Cumberland showcases the region's rich history, including its Native American heritage, industrial past, and contributions to transportation.

Cumberland's population has declined in recent decades due to the decline of the coal and railroad industries, reflecting broader economic shifts in the region.

The economy of Cumberland has diversified to include healthcare, education, and tourism, although it continues to face challenges in attracting and retaining businesses.

The city hosts several annual events, including the Queen City Film Festival, celebrating independent filmmaking, and the Heritage Days Festival, commemorating its historical roots.

Cumberland is located in Allegany County, which is part of the Appalachian region, characterized by its mountainous terrain and rich cultural traditions.

While not a UNESCO World Heritage site itself, Cumberland is located near sites related to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, a historically significant transportation route.