Russellville was incorporated in 1870, evolving from a small settlement established in the 1840s, with its growth significantly boosted by the arrival of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad in 1872.

The city is situated in the fertile Arkansas River Valley, offering picturesque views and serving as a gateway to both the Ozark and Ouachita Mountain ranges.

Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO), the state's sole nuclear power plant, is a significant employer and a critical contributor to the national energy grid, located just outside Russellville.

The local economy is diverse, supported by major sectors including manufacturing, agriculture (particularly poultry and cattle farming), healthcare, and the energy industry.

Arkansas Tech University (ATU), founded in 1909, is a cornerstone of Russellville, providing higher education, fostering cultural development, and contributing substantially to the city's economic vitality.

Reflecting a regional trend of steady growth, Russellville's population has increased significantly over the decades, making it one of the larger and more populous cities in the Arkansas River Valley.

Lake Dardanelle, a large reservoir on the Arkansas River, is a prominent geographic feature near Russellville, offering extensive recreational opportunities such as fishing, boating, and water sports, along with a state park.

The historical evolution of Russellville was profoundly shaped by its strategic location and the advent of the railroad, which transformed it from a modest agricultural outpost into a bustling commercial and transportation hub.

Russellville hosts several annual community events and festivals, including the popular Fall Fest celebrating local arts, crafts, and music, and various fishing tournaments that draw participants to Lake Dardanelle.

The city provides convenient access to outdoor attractions like Mount Nebo State Park and the expansive Ozark National Forest, offering numerous trails for hiking, camping, and scenic overlooks.

Downtown Russellville features a charming historic district with well-preserved architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, serving as a vibrant center for local businesses and community gatherings.

Agriculture has deep roots in Russellville's history and continues to be an important component of its local identity and economy, with its fertile lands supporting diverse farming operations.

The Dardanelle Lock and Dam, part of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, is a crucial piece of infrastructure near Russellville, facilitating river traffic and contributing to hydroelectric power generation.

While Russellville does not contain any UNESCO World Heritage Sites, its role in providing reliable power through Arkansas Nuclear One highlights its significant contribution to national energy infrastructure.

The city's naming honors Thomas Russell, an influential early settler who established key services such as a post office and general store, laying foundational elements for the developing community in the mid-19th century.