Belen, founded in 1741 by the Spanish and formally established as Nuestra Señora de Belén, translates to "Our Lady of Bethlehem," reflecting its origins as a significant agricultural community along the Rio Grande.

Geographically situated in the Rio Grande Valley, Belen benefits from fertile lands and a relatively mild climate, which has historically supported agriculture, including the cultivation of chile, alfalfa, and other crops.

Belen's population has experienced fluctuating growth trends, with a noticeable increase during the railroad era and subsequent periods of economic expansion, leading to its current population of approximately 7,500 residents.

The city served as a vital transportation hub in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, largely due to the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway, which significantly boosted its economic and demographic development.

The Belen Harvey House, constructed in 1907, exemplified the city's importance as a railroad division point and provided travelers with lodging and dining amenities that contributed to its regional prominence.

Belen's economy is presently diversified, encompassing transportation, logistics, agriculture, and small businesses, though it is working to revitalize its economic base and attract new industries.

Culturally, Belen retains strong ties to its Hispanic heritage, evident in its architecture, religious traditions, and community celebrations, such as the annual Our Lady of Belen Fiestas.

The Valencia County Historical Society and Museum in Belen preserves and showcases the rich history of the area, displaying artifacts and documents related to its Spanish colonial past and railroad heritage.

Belen's Historic Main Street, with its preserved buildings, reflects the city's architectural legacy and provides a glimpse into its historical development as a commercial and social center.

The city is located near several important historical sites, including the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail, which highlights its role as a pathway for trade and cultural exchange between Mexico and the United States.

Belen is not a UNESCO World Heritage site itself, but it benefits from its proximity to other sites, such as the nearby pueblos, that contribute to the cultural landscape of New Mexico.

Local traditions in Belen often revolve around religious observances, agricultural practices, and family gatherings, reflecting the community's close-knit nature and adherence to cultural values.

Belen's political landscape is characterized by local governance, with a mayor and city council responsible for managing municipal affairs and addressing the needs of its residents.

While not a major scientific hub, Belen's location in New Mexico places it near significant research institutions and national laboratories, contributing to the state's overall scientific endeavors.

The Hub City Music Festival, held annually in Belen, celebrates the city's musical talent and provides a venue for local artists to showcase their skills, fostering community engagement and cultural enrichment.