Fort Madison was established in 1808 as the first U.S. military fort on the Upper Mississippi River, aimed at securing American territory and controlling trade with Native American tribes.

The original Fort Madison was burned down in 1813 during the War of 1812, following persistent attacks by Native American forces allied with the British.

Geographically, Fort Madison is situated on the western bank of the Mississippi River in Lee County, southeastern Iowa, offering scenic views and access to river transportation.

As of the 2020 census, Fort Madison had a population of approximately 10,238 residents, reflecting a moderate decline compared to previous decades.

The economy of Fort Madison has historically been linked to manufacturing, with major industries including the Iowa State Penitentiary, a large correctional facility, and various industrial manufacturers.

The Iowa State Penitentiary, located in Fort Madison, is one of the oldest prisons west of the Mississippi River, having been established in 1839.

Fort Madison is the county seat of Lee County, serving as an administrative and judicial center for the region.

The city hosts the annual Tri-State Rodeo, a large and well-attended rodeo event that draws participants and spectators from across the Midwest, contributing significantly to the local economy.

The Santa Fe Swing Span Bridge, a notable landmark in Fort Madison, is a historic railroad bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Iowa and Illinois.

Fort Madison's historic downtown area features several preserved buildings dating back to the 19th century, showcasing the city's architectural heritage.

The city has seen fluctuating population trends, with periods of growth followed by declines linked to shifts in manufacturing industries and economic opportunities.

Fort Madison's cultural scene includes community theater, art galleries, and historical societies that preserve and promote the city's heritage.

While Fort Madison itself does not contain a UNESCO World Heritage site, its location on the Mississippi River ties it to broader historical narratives related to river transportation and development.

Fort Madison played a minor role in national political debates during the pre-Civil War era due to its location near the Missouri border and the issue of slavery.

Archaeological excavations at the site of the original Fort Madison have yielded valuable insights into the early 19th-century interactions between American soldiers and Native American tribes.